Botany & Plants

Basic structural and functional unit of plants; performs photosynthesis, provides structural support, and stores nutrients.

Living mechanical tissue with unevenly thickened primary walls; provides flexible support to growing plant parts.

Complex vascular tissue conducting water and minerals upward from roots; provides mechanical support through lignified walls.

Underground plant organ responsible for anchorage, water/mineral absorption, storage, and hormone synthesis.

Double-membrane-bound organelle performing photosynthesis; converts light energy to chemical energy in plants.

Double-membrane-bound organelle producing ATP through cellular respiration; involved in energy metabolism, calcium signaling, and apoptosis.

Enzyme complex that attaches specific amino acids to tRNA molecules; ensures accurate translation of genetic code during protein synthesis.

Prokaryotic microorganisms with diverse morphologies; possess cell wall, plasma membrane, circular DNA, and may have flagella or pili for motility and adhesion.

Exhibits wide morphological diversity including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and specialized forms; adaptations reflect ecological niches and survival strategies.

Tissue layers covering body surfaces, lining cavities, and forming glands; functions include protection, secretion, absorption, and sensation.